《中国近现代史纲要》教学应着力把握好的几个问题

把握好课程定位及其基本功能是中国近现代史纲要课教学的前提;对历史人物进行客观公正地评价是中国近现代史纲要课教学的重要内容;社会实践是中国近现代史纲要课教学的重要环节。本文对以上问题在教学中的重要意义进行了论述,并提出了解决这些问题的基本方法,以增强中国近现代史纲要课程教学的实效性并使其教学目标得以实现。     

从国内核心期刊文献统计分析透视森林公园研究的发展

以中国期刊全文数据库为资料来源,检索1992年1月～2011年12月期间在核心期刊发表的森林公园的文章,统计分析这些文献在时间、地区、发文期刊、作者、发文单位、被引用次数、内容等方面的情况,透视国内森林公园研究近20年的发展状况。     

基于GIS技术的基本农田划定研究  ———以重庆市黔江区金溪镇为例

基本农田的划定是土地利用总体规划中一个极其重要的环节,将高质量的耕地划入基本农田,是土地利用规划的基本要求。作者结合编制重庆市黔江区金溪镇土地利用总体规划实践,运用GIS技术和相关评价体系,通过对耕地图斑的"评分"、"排序",对土地利用总体规划中基本农田的划定方法进行探讨和研究,并依据得出的决策模型划定金溪镇基本农田保护面积共1 586.59hm2,在数量和质量上均已达到上级规划下达的指标,为促使土地利用规划工作更加高效和深入的展开做好基础工作,也为西南丘陵山区土地利用总体规划中基本农田的划定提供参考和借鉴。     

发挥市县级矿产资源规划作用的几点思考

市县级矿产资源规划是国家矿产资源规划体系的重要组成部分,第二轮市县级规划编制实施正在全面展开,目前,1356个市县级规划获批准发布。由于各种原因,市县级规划编制实施过程中存在着基础资料缺乏、部门利益协调难、实施难度大等问题。从市县矿政管理特点出发,在规划的组织上、规划内容设定和规划实施管理等方面进一步细化完善,可以更好地发挥市县级矿产资源规划的作用。     

国际水法发展概述

介绍了国际水法的概念,回顾了国际水法的发展阶段,归纳分析了国际水法水权理论的发展,阐述了国际水法的发展方向,指出开展跨界水资源方面的合作,实现水资源可持续利用和发展是今后国际水法发展的主要方向。     

The ‘Neighbourhood Effect’: A multidisciplinary assessment of the case for farmer co-ordination in agri-environmental programmes

In this paper we present a multi-disciplinary analysis of the potential impacts of undertaking similar environmental actions on multiple farms in a small geographic area, using organic farming as a proxy for a co-ordinated approach. Recent papers have called for more co-ordinated efforts between farmers in terms of their environmental actions, but there has been limited applied research demonstrating the environmental benefits or the economic and social implications to farmers of this approach. Comparative analysis of biodiversity, soil and water, and farm profitability were undertaken in England on 32 matched farms in areas of low and high organic farming concentration; qualitative interviews were also conducted with 48 farmers living in two of the eight areas. Findings demonstrate higher overall levels of biodiversity on organic farms (particularly in “hotspot” areas) but this was not universal across the species groups investigated. Higher water infiltration rates were found in organic grasslands, which could prove to be a useful measure to combat flooding. In terms of the technical efficiency of producing these environmental gains, conventional and organic farms in hotspot areas demonstrated equivalent efficiency from a financial perspective. Socio-cultural research identified the different amounts of trust farmers have in their neighbours, based in part on their performance as ‘good farmers’. We discuss the neighbourhood effect with a multi-disciplinary approach and conclude that encouraging local farmer co-ordination can have clear environmental benefits without high economic cost, but must be undertaken with caution - specifically regarding the trade-offs between benefits, local geophysical and social characteristics, and assumptions made about inter-farmer trust.     

Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia

A framework for comprehensive integrated assessment of environmental projects is developed and applied in partnership with a regional environmental body. The framework combines theory with practice, bringing a pragmatic and efficient approach to the rigorous assessment of projects for a large number of environmental assets in the north central region of the state of Victoria, Australia. The approach is codified as the Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER). The analysis assisted the environmental body to make strong business cases for a number of environmental projects, resulting in funding for those projects. Key features of the study include extensive participation of decision makers and stakeholders, integration of a comprehensive set of information about projects, explicit assessment of uncertainties and information gaps, and analysis of the most appropriate policy mechanism for each project. The process of applying the framework involved four steps: identification of around 300 important environmental assets in the region, filtering the list of assets to remove those that are less likely to provide opportunities for cost-effective public investment, development and detailed assessment of projects for a subset of assets, and negotiation of funding for projects. Implications for land-use policy include that environmental projects vary widely in their cost-effectiveness, requiring careful targeting of funds if environmental benefits are to be maximised. Many existing environmental programs use simplistic analyses to support decision making, resulting in missed opportunities for substantially greater environmental benefits. Promoting adoption of improved analytical methods is very challenging, requiring changes in mind-set and culture in environmental organisations. Widespread adoption is unlikely unless funders create incentives by rewarding those project proponents who undertake rigorous and comprehensive project assessments that focus on achievement of environmental outcomes.     

地勘单位探采一体化的政策研究

地勘单位探采一体化是近年来学术界持续升温的热点话题。一些业内人士认为,地勘行业、地勘单位探采一体化似乎天经地义,理所当然,因为地勘单位是距离采矿最近的行业,采矿是地质勘查找矿的自然甚至必然的延伸。实际上,我们必须找准角度,分析国家和地方政府为什么没有明确给予地勘单位探采一体化政策,通过政策和地勘单位性质方面的研究,尽可能找出和提前应对各方面的困难和问题,合理调配和优化企业化经营的要素,做好企业化改制和探采一体化等各方面的准备。     

我国林权抵押贷款研究综述

通过对2003年以后我国的林权抵押贷款相关文献的梳理归整,重点对林权抵押贷款中涉及的理论基础、森林资源资产评估、贷款模式进行分析总结,对不同的森林资源所对应的资产评估和贷款模式进行了分类汇总。在林权抵押贷款实证研究汇总中,对林权抵押贷款的主要运行模式及其内容或特征进行了重点分析。讨论了目前关于林权抵押贷款研究存在的主要问题,认为我国林权抵押贷款的研究在基础理论、森林资源资产评估体系建立、抵押贷款的模式创新以及众学者提出的问题和对策针对性方面均有所欠缺,并提出了相应建议。     

Using Forecasting Criteria to Identify Value Relevance in the Relationship Between Accounting Numbers and Market Value

We explain and demonstrate a disciplined and systematic approach to repeatable modelling using forecast criteria, in addition to the usual statistical estimation criteria, to identify value relevance in regressions of the market‐accounting relation. The method was used in Cooke et al. ( 2009 ). It is illustrated here in the case of a single firm over a 59‐year period. Market and accounting data for the U.S. firm Abbott Laboratories Inc. from 1955 are modelled using a testing‐down, error correction approach. Hold‐out samples of 10 to 15 years are used to assess forecasting performance relative to a random walk. Emphasis is placed upon the use of simple, directly observable and theory‐independent model variables that can be replicated with other sample data. In this case, logarithmic transformations of all variables have to be computed in order to achieve correct statistical specification, implying a multiplicative relationship in the raw data. The strongest cointegrating accounting variable with forecasting ability for Abbott's market value is earnings. The model parameters exhibit long‐run stability and the accounting regressor marginally improves forecasts of market value compared to a random walk, demonstrating ‘value relevance’.